ALT The combined phylogenetic tree. (A) Phylogenetic tree of MtLecRLK proteins of M. truncatula. (B) Phylogenetic tree of LecRLK proteins of A. thaliana, soybean and M. truncatula. Different colors represent different groups.

ALT 🎤 Silvia Turroni is Associate Professor in Chemistry and Biotechnology of Fermentation, at the Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Dept. Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna (Bologna, Italy). She has over 15 years of experience in the compositional and functional profiling of the human microbiome and the exploration of its impact on health. She has strong expertise in next-generation sequencing technologies, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing and omics approaches, i.e., metagenomics, metatranscriptomics and, more recently, culturomics, as well as in microbiome-host interaction studies in ex vivo models.

ALT Relative expression levels of ZmFAT genes in the lower tissue of seeds after pollination. The horizontal axis represents different sampling stages (4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 days after pollination). Different letters indicate significant differences between treatments (p < 0.05). (A–J) represent the expression levels of different genes, with each panel labeled with the corresponding gene name and figure designation.

ALT Silencing the NbHECT6 and NbHECT13 genes in N. benthamiana increases its susceptibility to tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) infection. (a) Silencing efficiency was evaluated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) at 10 days post-inoculation (dpi). The data are expressed as relative mRNA levels, with values for the control group (N. benthamiana plants agroinfiltrated with TRV:GFP) set at 100%. (b) Disease symptoms induced by TYLCV in NbHECT6 and NbHECT13 silenced N. benthamiana plants at 21 dpi. TRV:GFP agroinfiltrated N. benthamiana seedlings infected with TYLCV served as the control. (c) Relative accumulation of TYLCV genomic DNA was assessed in the NbHECT6 and NbHECT13 silenced N. benthamiana plants. Viral accumulation was quantified by qPCR, as depicted in (a). Data are presented as relative viral DNA accumulation, with values for the TRV:GFP control plants set to 1.0. For panels (a,c), data are presented as means ± standard deviation of three independent biological replicates.

ALT Effects of ALDOA Gene Overexpression on Porcine Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cell Differentiation. (A): Expression levels of the ALDOA gene at different differentiation days; In (A), the letters “a b c d” denote: Identical letters indicate no significant difference (p > 0.05)—Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) (B): Effects of ALDOA gene overexpression at Day 0 on porcine skeletal muscle satellite cell differentiation; (C): Effects of ALDOA gene overexpression at Day 5 on porcine skeletal muscle satellite cell differentiation; (D): Western Blot detection of gene expression levels in porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells at Day 0 of differentiation; (E): Protein-level quantification at Day 0; (F): Western Blot detection of gene expression levels in porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells at Day 5 of differentiation; (G): Protein-level quantification at Day 5. (* p < 0.05,** p < 0.01,*** p < 0.001, “ns” means p > 0.05).

ALT Diploid-tetraploid distribution area of Paspalum notatum. Diploid cytotype (red dots) is distributed inside the center of origin of the species (green line) and in ectopic localities in Brazil and Paraguay. Tetraploids (black dots) are positioned around the diploid primary center and extend across a larger area. All ectopic diploids are located outside the region marked with a green line, and are outside of cultivated areas. The dotted blue line indicates the limits of the suggested possible area of origin for the species. All dots represent 2x and 4x accessions detailed in Table S1.

ALT Relative expression of Zm00001d010154 across environments. (A) Differences in β-PH (left) and β-EH (right) between T32 and Mo17; (B) Relative expression level of Zm00001d010154 in T32 and Mo17 under Zhangye (left) and Sanya (right) environments; *, Student’s t-test, p < 0.05.

ALT Phenotypic and physiological responses of Chinese cabbage cultivar LY2 to different cold (low temperature) stress conditions. (A) Leaf number; (B) plant height; (C) stem diameter; (D) leaf area. (E) POD activity; (F) CAT activity; (G) proline content; (H) electrical conductivity; (I) chlorophyll content; and (J) soluble sugar accumulation. Data are presented as mean ± SE of mean (n = 10). Different letters above bar graphs show significant difference (p < 0.05) between or among different temperature treatments.

ALT A model for the feed forward loop in deregulated E2F1 activity through induction of DDX5. DDX5 enhances deregulated E2F1 activity, which in turn activates the DDX5 gene, thereby forming a feed forward loop in deregulated E2F1 activity that activates tumor suppressor genes.

ALT Physical map of the 16q24.1 region (nucleotides 85,586,504 to 87,015,205, GRCh37/hg19) adapted from UCSC Genome Browser, region involved in the microdeletions of case 9. All coding genes included in this region are annotated

ALT WGCNA analysis. (A) Determination of soft threshold of gene co-expression network. (B) Gene co-expression module hierarchical clustering map. (C) The correlation heatmap for E. multilocularis larvae infection and infection period. (D–G) Screening modules for gene co-expression networks and core genes: (D) cyan module; (E) tan module; (F) yellow module; (G) red module.

ALT Behavioral analyses: prepulse inhibition of an acoustic startle response. (A) Startle amplitude to a 120 dB acoustic stimulus. * represents p < 0.05. (B) Sensorimotor gating was assessed by analyzing prepulse inhibition (PPI) separately in male and female mice. We detected a main effect of genotype (p < 0.05), suggesting impaired PPI in Snord116p−/m+ mice relative to the WT (p < 0.05), indicated on the right by *. A main effect of sex and a sex x genotype interaction were also determined (p < 0.05), and post hoc analysis determined a significant impairment in PPI in female Snord116p−/m+ mice relative to the WT at a 74 dB prepulse intensity, indicated by ** (p < 0.01). No significant difference was detected between WT and Snord116p−/m+ mice at any other prepulse intensity (n.s.).

ALT Retinal imaging in inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) showing different forms of cystoid macular lesions (CMLs). From left to right: color fundus images (Clarus 700, Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen, Germany), fundus autofluorescence and OCT images (Spectralis, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). The IRD due to mutations in MFRP includes the following: nanophthalmus, retinal degeneration, foveoschisis, and optic disc drusen. AD-RP: autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa, AR-RP: autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa, ESCS: enhanced S-cone syndrome, XLRP: X-linked retinitis pigmentosa, and XLRS: X-linked retinoschisis. The lower panel shows images of a healthy control for comparison.