Removing dishonesty may not remove poverty entirely. A person can be honest and still have a poverty mentality. Poverty is more than just being poor, the mentality of poverty alone is enough to ruin a society.
A person can be honest but still be afraid to invest, unwilling to take calculated risks, resistant to new ideas, or more interested in consuming wealth than creating it.
You can have a society where nobody steals, yet people lack the knowledge, creativity, courage, and productive mindset required to create wealth.
Dishonesty can destroy wealth, but the inability to create wealth is another problem entirely.
If we focus only on teaching people not to steal without teaching them how to create value, solve problems, build businesses, and develop productive habits, we may end up with a society of honest people who are still struggling financially.