Snr Fellow @CFR_org. Book: THE INFINITY MACHINE: Demis Hassabis, DeepMind, and the Quest for Superintelligence. Podcast: The Spillover. RTntEndst. Opin mine.

London/NYC/Washington DC
Proving it is better to be lucky than smart, I negotiated deep access to Demis Hassabis and DeepMind in November 2022. A week later, ChatGPT launched, and I began my deep-dive conversations with Demis and his team just as AI moved from the fringe to the mainstream. The result is The Infinity Machine. It's been a wild and fascinating ride.
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I got to know @thoreg when I was researching The Infinity Machine. A wonderful person and I can't wait to see what he builds. The diaspora of ex-DeepMind startups is impressive to behold.
I am delighted to announce the launch of Metis Reasoning, a new AI company I have founded with a team of researchers, mathematicians, robotics experts and entrepreneurs. We are pursuing a different approach to general and embodied AI reasoning: developing systems that can establish what they know, test conclusions against evidence and learn to reason more effectively through experience. Alongside today's launch, we are publishing The Age of Reasoning, a white paper setting out the research foundations of our approach and what we believe the next generation of AI could look like. I will also be discussing these ideas @NVIDIAGTC in Berlin today, alongside researchers exploring new approaches to AI.
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Very nice accolade from Barnes & Noble. I have to say that the reception for The Infinity Machine has been amazing. After speaking to audiences about @demishassabis in the US, Europe and Asia, I have found that young readers are inspired by his scientific and entrepreneurial journey, old readers appreciate his groundedness, and all readers feel a kind of reassurance from understanding the motivations and values of the original AI lab leader.
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Sebastian Mallaby retweeted
they literally frontran the SI rebrand 6 months in advance @scmallaby @demishassabis
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Amid the worrying news on AI safety, this story is a reminder that safer is possible. OpenAI recognized the mental-health danger posed by its sycophantic model. It appears to have done a fantastic job in addressing the issue. wsj.com/tech/ai/chatgpt-gpt5…
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A scientist who’s influenced by Immanuel Kant, who believes that the mind creates the reality around us. Dogged in building an omniscient machine that would unravel the infinite mysteries of physics, so as to occupy a position in the cosmos that religious believers ascribe to an all-powerful divinity. @demishassabis @scmallaby
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We had fun on The Spillover podcast, as this sizzle reel attests. Thanks to my great @CFR_org colleagues. You guys are the best.
@scmallaby is departing The Spillover to write a new book on Dario Amodei and Anthropic. To celebrate his time cohosting the show, here’s a look at some of his funniest moments over the past nine months. But fear not! The Spillover will continue with Rebecca Patterson as host, and Mallaby is likely to return as an expert guest. Watch The Spillover here or wherever you get your podcasts: cfr.org/podcasts/spillover?u…
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After eight fun months of cohosting The Spillover with Rebecca Patterson, I am diving into another long book project. In my last appearance, Rebecca asked me to update my call on OpenAI’s cash burn.
“The problem is not [OpenAI’s] products. The problem is the cash burn,” says @scmallaby in a conversation with Rebecca Patterson on The Spillover, where he revisits his concerns about a funding crisis at OpenAI. Mallaby states that OpenAI’s most recent projected loss between now and 2030 is almost $280 billion. “They are talking about a new fundraise. They’re targeting $30 billion. You’d have to do a lot of $30 billion fundraisers in order to get to covering that $280 billion gap,” he says.
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Congratulations to all the authors of the books shortlisted for this year’s Financial Times and Standard Chartered Business Book of the Year Award! #bbya #bbya26 #bbya2026 @FT
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Sebastian Mallaby's book The Infinity Machine argues the choices AI builders make today will define the next century. He's opening #ScaleUpAI in conversation with @InsightPartners MD Deven Parekh (@djparekh). 💬 "Power law itself is here in a bigger way than it used to be. In the whole of the tech sector, OpenAI and Anthropic have recently created probably 80% of the wealth. That has changed who the check writers are. You now have got sovereign wealth funds, growth equity players are writing checks now. Power law is still intact. Who writes the checks is different.” — Sebastian Mallaby (@scmallaby), author, The Infinity Machine & Senior Fellow, @CFR_org
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1873 by Liaquat Ahamed and The Infinity Machine by @scmallaby have been shortlisted for the @FinancialTimes Book of the Year! A massive congratulations to our authors. ft.com/content/d0b2bf57-56c9…
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New Podcast! #thespillover Central Banks in a Bind Talking bond market meltdown, rising inflation, Fed task forces, replacing central bankers with AI... With the great @scmallaby and Rebecca Patterson @cfr_org cfr.org/podcasts/spillover/c…
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“I think part of it is a desire to figure out what is a way of deciding better in real time when these [geoeconomic] fluctuations feed into the longer term. Because the tendency has been in recent years . . . to always say, ‘Well, we’ll wait to see if it spills out into the broader economy,’” says @AdamPosen, president of the Peterson Institute for International Economics, in a conversation with hosts Rebecca Patterson and @scmallaby on The Spillover. “But when you have a lot of geopolitically-driven shocks, energy shocks, natural-resource shocks, that may not be as viable a strategy.”
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“At some point, governments will realize that refusing to shape how the AI revolution unfolds is an abdication of responsibility.” Sebastian Elbaum and @scmallaby outline the best route forward for AI regulation: foreignaffairs.com/united-st…
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“They’re still talking about winning,” argues journalist @anneapplebaum, discussing Russia’s war aims in Ukraine with The Spillover hosts @scmallaby and Rebecca Patterson. “Their goal is still the destruction of Ukraine as a country, the removal of Ukrainian sovereignty, the occupation of Kyiv, and the destruction of the Ukrainian government,” Applebaum says.
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🚨 OBAMA ON AI: "If we are thinking about AI just in terms of how do we cure cancer or get better energy, you can do that without having agentic AI and having it just roaming free in the internet. The reason you are doing that is because you have to market a product that people will pay money for. That’s a misalignment between what our society needs and the commercial imperatives that these companies are facing, not because necessarily they’re trying to do bad things, but because they’ve got to justify these valuations. So, that’s one more reason why it is really important for us to have a competent government and a serious bipartisan conversation around this issue, and we have to do it fast. And I would encourage voters to pay attention to this. If somebody does not have a serious plan for how to deal with this, then they’re not meeting the moment, and you should probably look for somebody else."
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Expanding on my view below. A friend asked me whether there is a measure of OpenAI default risk in the markets. As a private company, OAI does not issue bonds on which CDS prices are quoted. However, I replied as follows: The best OAI CDS proxy is CDS on SoftBank. SoftBank has borrowed heavily to finance its equity stake in OAI. Some $40 billion of this borrowing has been short-term, and SoftBank has scrambled to raise longer term money to refinance. The delay of the OAI IPO has thus been a problem for SB: it had been hoping to borrow against liquid OAI stock to pay off the bridge loan. With that path closed, borrowing against OAI stock is more expensive and SB is now trying to issue $10-20 billion of high-yield debt.  But that won't be cheap either: SB had to pay  an 8.5% yield on dollar paper last time it issued. An additional factor here is the rise in Japanese yields, which prevents Masa from extending his past habit of raising dirt cheap Japanese debt to fund illiquid dollar positions: he can still raise in Japan, but more expensively.  The upshot: the SoftBank 5 year CDS spread is at its highest since 2023, and a lot higher than it was in June. Note that the CDS spiked, but less than now, back in March, because the credit markets worried about SoftBank's $30 billion pledge to OAI in the last funding round. So one wonders whether Masa is in a position to participate in the round that Sam is trying to raise now.
Update on my bet that OpenAI has a 50/50 chance of running out of money by next summer. I know I may be wrong here— this is what 50/50 means. But here’s how I see it. The positive: OpenAI has overtaken Anthropic in terms of weekly revenue, according to OpenRouter data from July. Reflects OpenAI’s scientific excellence, which has always stood in contrast to its shaky business foundations. Impressive that @sama and @gdb have lost loads of senior scientists and yet they still replenish the brain trust. Not so positive: Anthropic appears to enjoy far more customer loyalty. Twelve month retention rates are almost double OAI’s. (H/T @FT). But, tbf, this may just reflect a period when Anthropic’s models improved faster, and maybe the tables have turned. The chief OAI worry is the same as it always was: cash burn. Latest numbers indicate that OAI expects to lose $280 billion by 2030, even though revenue is forecast to 10x between now and then. That implies a massive fund-raising challenge. OAI is running an experiment not only in an unprecedented technology; it is also testing the depth of global capital markets. OAI has used the recent hacking scares to postpone its IPO, which might have been hard to pull off anyway. So it has to raise money privately. Already, the last fund-raising round included a bunch of financial engineering—conditional future cash promises, promises of compute in lieu of cash. OAI has also tried to finance data centers by leaning on Nvidia in its guise as the central bank of AI. See the $105 billion NVidia guarantee on the Ohio data center. How many more nimble financial tricks can OAI pull? Especially in a climate where the political backlash against AI is growing and open weight competition is intense? Here’s what to watch for. OAI financial partner, SoftBank, is plotting the near-term IPO of its data-center builder SB Energy. If that plan runs into trouble, there will be knock-on effects for SoftBank and hence a hit to SoftBank’s ability to pour fresh money into OAI.
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Update on my bet that OpenAI has a 50/50 chance of running out of money by next summer. I know I may be wrong here— this is what 50/50 means. But here’s how I see it. The positive: OpenAI has overtaken Anthropic in terms of weekly revenue, according to OpenRouter data from July. Reflects OpenAI’s scientific excellence, which has always stood in contrast to its shaky business foundations. Impressive that @sama and @gdb have lost loads of senior scientists and yet they still replenish the brain trust. Not so positive: Anthropic appears to enjoy far more customer loyalty. Twelve month retention rates are almost double OAI’s. (H/T @FT). But, tbf, this may just reflect a period when Anthropic’s models improved faster, and maybe the tables have turned. The chief OAI worry is the same as it always was: cash burn. Latest numbers indicate that OAI expects to lose $280 billion by 2030, even though revenue is forecast to 10x between now and then. That implies a massive fund-raising challenge. OAI is running an experiment not only in an unprecedented technology; it is also testing the depth of global capital markets. OAI has used the recent hacking scares to postpone its IPO, which might have been hard to pull off anyway. So it has to raise money privately. Already, the last fund-raising round included a bunch of financial engineering—conditional future cash promises, promises of compute in lieu of cash. OAI has also tried to finance data centers by leaning on Nvidia in its guise as the central bank of AI. See the $105 billion NVidia guarantee on the Ohio data center. How many more nimble financial tricks can OAI pull? Especially in a climate where the political backlash against AI is growing and open weight competition is intense? Here’s what to watch for. OAI financial partner, SoftBank, is plotting the near-term IPO of its data-center builder SB Energy. If that plan runs into trouble, there will be knock-on effects for SoftBank and hence a hit to SoftBank’s ability to pour fresh money into OAI.
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Sebastian Mallaby retweeted
“We're not up against the Terminator . . . we are up against like an AI swarm,” says @scmallaby, emphasizing the risks of open-weight AI models in discussion with cohost Rebecca Patterson on The Spillover podcast.
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