World-action models typically imagine the future in RGB – but are pixels really the right representation for robotics?
Our bet is no: RGB spends capacity on fine-grained details and variation that are often irrelevant for robot policies.
DINO features, point tracks, and depth capture more useful features like semantics, motion, and geometry.
But no single modality captures everything — how can we effectively combine them?
We introduce ✨ModAR✨, which predicts the future one modality at a time, with each prediction informing the next. We train from scratch and find that this formulation performs best.
Our 30.1M scratch-trained model even outperforms a 6B video-model-initialized model finetuned on the same data!
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