In the early 1900s, in Utah or Colorado, USA, a young miner boy toiled in the coal mines. Thousands of boys under the age of 14 were employed in these dangerous underground tunnels. The process involved drilling, blasting, and digging coal. However, this hazardous occupation posed numerous risks such as cave-ins, fires, explosions, and gas poisoning. Additionally, there were other perils like floods, dust-filled air, and accidents involving machinery.
The youngest boys, usually below the age of ten, worked as "breaker boys," responsible for picking out slate from the extracted coal. Those who proved themselves through hard work could be promoted to the positions of "door boy" or "mule boy."
By the late 1800s, several states and territories had enacted laws to regulate the working conditions of children. However, these laws were often disregarded, especially in impoverished communities or among immigrant families. Recognizing the urgency of the issue, the National Child Labor Committee was established in 1904 by socially concerned citizens. From 1908 to 1912, Lewis Hine, a photographer, documented children working in various industries.
As a result of Hine's efforts and the public awareness generated, stricter laws were enacted. In 1938, Congress passed the Fair Labor Standards Act, popularly known as the Federal Wage and Hour Law. This legislation set a minimum wage, established a 40-hour workweek, and prohibited children under the age of eighteen from engaging in hazardous jobs, including mining.